What Counts as a Word? Understanding Early Communication Milestones

“He said ‘ba!’ -- Does that count?”

This is one of the most common questions speech-language pathologists hear from parents of babies and toddlers. When children are just starting to communicate, it can be tricky to know what counts as a “real” word. The good news? Children’s first words often look and sound different than what adults expect - and that’s perfectly okay.

So, What Counts as a Word?

A word is any consistent sound, gesture, or sign that a child uses purposefully to communicate. It doesn’t have to be pronounced perfectly, or even sound exactly like the adult version.

A few examples:

• Saying “ba” every time they see or want a ball.

• Using “mm” or “ah” to ask for “more.”

• Signing “milk” during mealtime.

• Using an AAC button or picture to say “go.”

What matters most is intent and consistency - if your child uses the same sound, sign, or symbol to mean the same thing, that’s a word!

Why It Matters

Counting early words helps us understand how your child is building their communication system. Around 12 months, many children say their first words; by 18 months, they may have about 10–25 words; and by 24 months, roughly 50 or more. But it's important to remember that every child’s journey is unique. Some may use gestures or signs longer before spoken words emerge. Others may say fewer words but use them meaningfully and consistently. All of this is part of early communication growth.

Total Communication: Words in Many Forms

At Early Bird Speech Therapy, we embrace a total communication approach—meaning all forms of communication count. Spoken words, gestures, signs, facial expressions, and Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) are all valid ways for children to communicate. For many toddlers, using multiple methods helps reduce frustration and build confidence as their speech skills develop.

How to Support Early Word Learning

Here are a few simple ways to encourage your child’s first words:

• Model words often: Label what they’re looking at or doing (“Ball! Go ball!”).

• Keep it simple: Use short, repetitive phrases (“Up! Up!”).

• Follow their lead: Talk about what they are interested in, not what you want to teach.

• Pause and wait: Give your child time to respond - it might be a sound, look, or gesture.

• Celebrate all attempts: Even if it’s not "perfect", respond as if it’s meaningful - because it is!

  
  

When to Seek Support

If your child is under two and using fewer than 50 words (spoken, signed, or symbolic), or if you’re unsure whether they’re communicating consistently, a speech-language evaluation can help. Early support can make a big difference in boosting communication and confidence.

Schedule a free consultation today to learn how Early Bird Speech Therapy can support your child’s early communication journey!